Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas Was Born On July 19, 1834, At 8 Rue Saint

Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas was born on July 19, 1834, at 8 rue Saint-George's in Paris. His father, Auguste, a banker, was French, and his mother, C?lestine, an American from New Orleans. The family name "Degas" had been changed to "De Gas" by some family members in Naples and France in order to sound more aristocratic; the preposition indicated a name derived from land holdings. Degas went back to using the original spelling sometime after 1870, and that is how we spell his name today. He was destined for a law career, but instead entered the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, where he studies with Louis Lamothe. There he became a painter and sculptor. Degas was associated with the Impressionists, taking an active part in there firsts exhibitions, but his individual choice of subject matter, handling of composition, and emphasis of drawing distinguished his works from theirs. He worked with a number of media: oil, pastel, lithography, engraving, and sculpture. From the mid-1850s through the mid-1870s Degas explored many types of subject matter. He copied works by earlier artists and executed his own history paintings, portraits, and scenes of daily life. Degas eventually ended his efforts at history painting and devoted more attention to portraiture, turning images of relatives and friends into complex psychological studies. His oils and pastels depict the inhabitants of the world of sports, business, ballet, and the cafes in their self-conscious posturing and characteristic gestures. He has numerous paintings of jockeys, dancers, laundresses and prostitutes. Another favorite subject was a model at her bath. Degas' observation of movement resulted in the radical compositions that preserved the character of his subjects. As Degas' subject matter became more contemporary, so did his artistic style. Early on, Degas presents people as individuals, whereas works from the mid-1870s on categorize women in particular according to their professions. The laundresses, milliners, and dancers represent types rather than specific individuals. Degas' handling of paint and use of color also become bolder and more experimental. Degas' collection of repeated poses and postures speaks to his preoccupation with texture, color, and form. In the later years of his life, despite failing eyesight, he continues to paint his women models in varied, unarranged poses. Soon after he began to let him self go. He stopped caring for his dress or trimming his beard. He had chronic bronchitis and bladder problems. Degas continued to work as long as he was in the house of Rue Victor-Masse. During the last years of his life, he was seen walking through the streets of Paris, ignoring the traffic. Edgar died on September 27, 1917. He is well represented in the Louvre in Paris. Some paintings displayed there include The glass of Absinthe, Laundresses, and Prima Ballerina. In the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New In the Metropolitan Museum of Art. in New York, Pouting, and Women with Chrysanthemums are on display for all to see. Degas is commonly regarded as on of the greatest masters of 19th century French art

History of the Australian Referendum during the 1967

History of the Australian Referendum during the 1967 Introduction The state of Australia before the referendum in 1967 was one related to a racist nation. During the year 1900, the British colonialists invaded Australia. To them, the nation was not habited and the aborigines, who lived in Australia, were part of the environment. The constitution that was drafted by the colonialists depicted high levels of inequalities (Crotty Roberts, 2009). The rights of the white settlers were highly upheld while those of the aborigines were diminishing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Australian Referendum during the 1967 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion During the 1967 referendum, various parts of the Australian constitution were questioned and changed. The first part was the one that stated who the commonwealth laws should govern (Attwood Markus, 2007). The constitution stated that commonwealth laws were only made for the whites and not the aborigines. It, therefore, implied that the aborigines had no constitutional rights under the commonwealth laws. The other section was the part that stated who should be counted during the national census. According to the 1900 constitution, the aborigines were not counted. The section was altered to give the aboriginal community an opportunity to be counted as part of the Australian citizens. So many people fought for a change in the Australian constitution. This act took them more than 10 years. The year 1967 was a major turning point in Australia as most of the people came out to vote for the alteration of the constitution. More than 90 percent of the populace voted in favour of the changes. The referendum was a breakthrough for the aboriginal people, who were counted later as part of the Australian citizens during the country’s population census. In addition, the aborigines came under the commonwealth statutes as opposed to the state regulations. The new constitution therefore was pa ssed on August 1967. The outcome of the referendum was of great benefit to the aborigines. First, it assisted in the removal of the initial rules of the aborigine act of 1905 that gave chief guardian of aborigines power over all aborigines up to the age of 16. The power of this guardian was much higher than that of a parent to her own child. The guardian could take children away from their families as he wish. These children were taken to the home of the white settlers or to some separate hostels. The parents were not informed on the whereabouts of their children, who, sometimes, were being subjected to torture. This act created some form of trauma for both parents and children as it at times involved some brutality. After the referendum, this role was scrubbed and it was a relief to the aborigines. The chief guardian also had control of the adult populace of aborigines. They were to seek permission for marriage; they did not have freedom of movement or right to own property. The ch anges of 1967 assured them these rights (Mason, Hill Davis, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The new constitution also granted the aboriginal people the right to be Australian citizens. This right will ensure that they are not controlled by the aborigine’s act of 1905. The breakthrough of 1967 gave them this chance. The 1905 aborigines act allowed the aboriginal people to apply to be citizens of Australia so that they cannot be controlled by the act. The situation of the aboriginal people was to be improved through giving the people access to education, equal employment opportunities and contribute to the economy (Goot Rowse, 2007). They were to face a panel, which will assess their qualification for citizenship. Once it is granted, the chief protector had the ability to snatch it when he feels like. The changes in the constitution than more than 90 pe rcent of the population voted for showed that Australian people were tired of the existing racial discrimination. The event was worth celebrating, as it is a show of social equality, power lying on the people and a choice against discrimination (Attwood, Markus Schilling, 1997). This occurrence did not do away with the nature of ruling that existed in Australia. The government of Australia in most times forgot to seek advice from the aborigines on the ruling of the country. Now, the aboriginal populace still have a shorter life expectancy as compared to their non-indigenous counterparts. According to statistics, it is evident that the challenges of poor health, housing, education and high rates of unemployment are the main challenges facing the aborigines (Crotty Roberts, 2008). Despite the fact that the 1967 referendum was a breakthrough for the aborigines, there are times when it is clear that Australian community is fighting the battle of addressing fully the needs of the abori gines. The only impeccable period that showed that the Australians were concerned with the interests of the aborigines was during the referendum. There has been a moment of silence since the change of the Australian constitution. The forms of inequalities carried out by the constitution in silence have made the Australian people to look back to the evils that existed before the 1967 referendum. Conclusion The 1967 referendum did not bring about the end to racial discrimination that was in existence in Australia. It led to an improvement in the relationship between the aborigines and the entire Australian nation. The legacy that arose from the referendum is to some extent the most enduring (Tungate, 2007). The relationship that developed between the state and federal government became that of putting blame on one another. References Attwood, B., Markus, A., Schilling, K. (1997). The 1967 referendum, or,  When Aborigines didnt get the vote. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.Advert ising We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Australian Referendum during the 1967 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Attwood, B., Markus, A. (2007). The 1967 referendum: race, power and the Australian  Constitution (2nd ed.). Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press. Crotty, M., Roberts, D. (2008). Turning Points in Australian History. Sydney: University of NSW Press. Crotty, M., Roberts, D. (2009). Turning points in Australian history. Sydney, N.S.W.: UNSW Press. Goot, M., Rowse, T. (2007). Divided Nation ?: Indigenous affairs and the imagined  public. Carlton: Melbourne University Press. Mason, K., Hill, K., Davis, R. (2007). Celebrating Aboriginal rights?: 16  July 7 September 2007, Tony Albert [et al.]. North Ryde: Macquarie University. Tungate, M. (2007). Adland: a global history of advertising. London: Kogan Page.

TQM in Hospitals and Healthcare organizations Essay

TQM in Hospitals and Healthcare organizations - Essay Example very critical to the quality of health care, public expectations have also been one of the main reasons in increasing health care quality .There are diverse strategies and multiple approaches to improve the safety and the quality of services. (John, 2003) Health Care Industries require optimal quality levels as it provides vital services and is usually measured with various indicators such as mortality rates, rate of medical errors, avoidable injuries to patients etc. (Fawziah S Balghonaim, 2009) There has been a momentous interest in the application of Total quality management and Continuous quality improvement (TQM and CQI) in many of the Health Care Organizations in the recent past. (Colleen, 2003) Implementations of TQM have been in high demand in many organizations and have also been made compulsory in others to face both internal and external challenges. TQM implementation will also help the public and private health Organizations to achieve good quality health services and also compete globally. (Fawziah S Balghonaim, 2009) Quality Management is very essential in all companies especially in the health care industry due to the type and nature of service rendered. Quality in this sector consists of customer quality of life, services rendered and patient satisfaction. (Fawziah S Balghonaim, 2009)There are 3 TQM principles identified by Hill and Wilkinson (1995) which are, Total quality management is viewed as the best way to implement rapid improvement in the process. TQM has become critical and mandatory as there is high level of competition between health sector organizations and increase in demand for high quality services. It helps in providing customer satisfaction and also achieving the desired outcomes for these hospitals. Implementation of TQM involves all the levels of management. It involves all the staff, employees, doctors and nurses in the health care organization and it covers all the activities. Top level involvement and continuous